Principles of the Just War
* A just war can only be waged as a last resort. All non-violent options must be exhausted before the use of force can be justified.
* A war is just only if it is waged by a legitimate authority. Even just causes cannot be served by actions taken by individuals or groups who do not constitute an authority sanctioned by whatever the society and outsiders to the society deem legitimate.
* A just war can only be fought to redress a wrong suffered. For example, self-defense against an armed attack is always considered to be a just cause (although the justice of the cause is not sufficient--see point #4). Further, a just war can only be fought with "right" intentions: the only permissible objective of a just war is to redress the injury.
* A war can only be just if it is fought with a reasonable chance of success. Deaths and injury incurred in a hopeless cause are not morally justifiable.
* The ultimate goal of a just war is to re-establish peace. More specifically, the peace established after the war must be preferable to the peace that would have prevailed if the war had not been fought.
* The violence used in the war must be proportional to the injury suffered. States are prohibited from using force not necessary to attain the limited objective of addressing the injury suffered.
* The weapons used in war must discriminate between combatants and non-combatants. Civilians are never permissible targets of war, and every effort must be taken to avoid killing civilians. The deaths of civilians are justified only if they are unavoidable victims of a deliberate attack on a military target.
www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pol116/justwar.ht...
Много на английском:
www.iep.utm.edu/justwar/
One of the Principles of "Just War" Theory is that Wars Cannot be Made Morally Impossible
Just War Principles - Summary
By staff - Jul 1, 2006 - 3
Principles for Engaging in War
Just cause.
* The cause of initiating war must be just.
Competent authority.
* War cannot be initiated justly except by those who hold the proper authority and responsibility.
Comparative justice.
* The moral merit on our side must clearly outweigh the moral merit on the other.
Right intention.
* The intention of going to war must be to obtain or restore a just peace. Desires to punish or humiliate are not adequate intentions.
Last resort.
* All non-violent alternatives must be exhausted before resorting to war.
Probability of success.
* If the prospect of success is hopeless, war is not justified no matter how just the cause.
Proportionality of projected results.
* The good expected must be greater than the estimation of anticipated costs.
Right spirit.
* War should be regarded as a tragic necessity.
Principles for Conducting War
Proportionality in the use of force.
* No action should be taken that generates more harm than good.
Discrimination.
* A strong distinction must be maintained between combatants and non-combatants. Non-combatants must never be deliberate or primary targets of military action.
Avoidance of evil means.
* No use of evil means (even for a just cause).
Good faith.
* As much as possible, the enemy must be treated in good faith in order to keep open the possibility of reconciliation.
erlc.com/article/just-war-principles-summary/
еще много:
plato.stanford.edu/entries/war/
из википедии
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_War
еще немного на русском языке:
ethicscenter.ru/en/content/130.htm